Visby’s Hanseatic town — inscribed 1995 — is Scandinavia’s most completely preserved medieval walled city: 3.5 km of 12th-century limestone walls, 27 towers, the intact Cathedral of Saint Mary, and 12 roofless ruined churches (testament to the Hanseatic League’s rise and collapse after 1361). The Södra Öland Iron Age field landscape is on the neighbouring island.
Kairouan — inscribed 1988 — is the fourth holiest city in Islam and the foundation city of Islamic North Africa: the Great Mosque (670 CE, rebuilt 836–875, oldest surviving mosque in the western Islamic world) with its 414 columns and lustre-tile mihrab. Tunisia’s other inscribed sites include the Amphitheatre of El Jem (Rome’s best-preserved outside Italy) and Dougga’s complete Roman town.
The Western Theatre of Laodicea on the Lycus. The stage building, at the far side of the orchestra, is where
Byblos — inscribed 1984 — is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world (since 8800 BCE), the Phoenician port that gave the Greek alphabet to Europe and the word “Bible” to the world. Lebanon’s 5 other inscribed sites include Baalbek (world’s largest Roman temple complex, Trilithon stones of 1,000 tonnes each) and the Qadisha cedar forest.
Mount Huangshan — inscribed 1990 — is China’s most painted mountain: 77 granite peaks rising above seas of cloud in Anhui Province, the template for the shan shui landscape painting tradition since the Tang dynasty. The whitewashed Huizhou merchant villages of Xidi and Hongcun (inscribed 2000) are 1 hour northwest.
Göreme National Park — inscribed 1985 — preserves Cappadocia’s tufa fairy chimneys carved into cave dwellings and Byzantine churches: the Göreme Open Air Museum’s 10th-century fresco cycles (Dark Church, Apple Church) and the Derinkuyu underground city, 8 stories deep and shelter for 20,000 people. Çatalhöyük’s Neolithic town is 2.5 hours south.
Novgorod’s Historic Monuments — inscribed 1992 — preserve 37 medieval churches of the Novgorod Republic (1136–1478), Russia’s most democratic medieval city-state: the Kremlin’s 1045 Cathedral of Saint Sophia (Russia’s oldest stone building north of Kiev) and the Theophanes the Greek frescoes of 1378. Pskov’s medieval city is 3.5 hours southwest.
The arch between the two islets of the Gaiola, off Posillipo — the first landmark on the crossing out of
Albi’s Episcopal City — inscribed 2010 — is dominated by the fortified Sainte-Cécile Cathedral (begun 1282, the world’s largest brick cathedral, built as a statement of Inquisitorial power after the Cathar Crusade) and the Palais de la Berbie, now the world’s largest Toulouse-Lautrec collection. Carcassonne is 1 hour west.
Vigan — inscribed 1999 — is the best-preserved Spanish colonial city in Asia: 183 bahay na bato stone-and-timber merchant houses along cobblestone Calle Crisologo, the oldest cathedral in the Philippines (founded 1574), and the Burnay pottery district. The Earthquake Baroque Paoay Church is 20 minutes north; the Cordillera Rice Terraces are 3 hours east.
