Cathedral Basilica of Salvador: the Jesuits’ lioz-stone church, made Brazil’s primatial cathedral when the old Sé fell to a tramway
La Cattedrale Basilica Primaziale di San Salvador, sul Terreiro de Jesus nel cuore del Pelourinho, non nacque come cattedrale ma come chiesa del collegio dei gesuiti, i primi arrivati con il governatore Tomé de Sousa nel 1549. È la quarta chiesa sorta sullo stesso sito; l’edificio che si vede oggi fu iniziato nel 1657 — posa della prima pietra a luglio — e consacrato il 27 giugno 1672 (alcune fonti in lingua inglese scrivono 1654, ma è un errore: quella è la data della definitiva cacciata degli olandesi dal Pernambuco, che sbloccò i lavori). Divenne cattedrale in due tempi: dopo l’espulsione dei gesuiti, nel 1759, la chiesa fu ceduta all’arcivescovado con provvedimento regio del 1765 e servì da allora come sede; poi, il 7 agosto 1933, la vecchia Sé Primaziale — l’antica cattedrale, sede della prima diocesi del Brasile, eretta nel 1551 — fu demolita per allargare una linea tranviaria, e l’ex chiesa gesuita divenne la cattedrale definitiva. La sede è primaziale: l’arcivescovo di San Salvador è primate del Brasile. Fu elevata a basilica minore nel 1922. Lo stile è manierista, e la facciata — come tutta la fabbrica — è in pietra di lioz importata dal Portogallo; le fonti riportano che la cantera principale arrivò già lavorata dal Regno, come zavorra delle navi. All’interno, sotto l’altare maggiore, riposa Mem de Sá, terzo governatore generale del Brasile, morto nel 1573; tredici altari, una volta a botte dorata centrata su un grande medaglione con il monogramma gesuita IHS, e una sacrestia rivestita fino a mezz’altezza di azulejos portoghesi. È l’ultimo edificio superstite del Colégio dos Jesuítas, culla dell’istruzione gesuitica in Brasile; dopo l’espulsione ospitò usi vari e, nel 1833, la prima scuola di medicina del Brasile. La cattedrale non è iscritta singolarmente all’UNESCO: la descrizione ufficiale la nomina tra i monumenti maggiori del Centro storico di Salvador de Bahia, prima capitale del Brasile e crocevia di culture europee, africane e amerindie, iscritto nel 1985 con i criteri (iv) e (vi).
About the Cathedral
The Cathedral Basilica of Salvador, on the Terreiro de Jesus in the Pelourinho, was built as the church of the Jesuit College — the fourth church on the site — between 1657 and 1672, of lioz limestone shipped from Portugal. It became the archiepiscopal cathedral after the Jesuits were expelled (ceded to the see in 1765), and the definitive one in 1933, when the old Sé Primacial was demolished for a tramway. Seat of the Primate of Brazil and a minor basilica since 1922, it holds the tomb of governor-general Mem de Sá. It stands within the Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.
Key facts
- 1549–1550: the Jesuits arrive in Salvador and found the college whose church this became; the fourth church rose on the site
- 1657–1672: the present building constructed, in lioz limestone from Portugal; consecrated 27 June 1672
- 1765: after the Jesuits’ expulsion (1759), the church is ceded to the archbishopric and serves as cathedral
- 1922: raised to the rank of minor basilica
- 7 August 1933: the old Sé Primacial demolished for a tram line, making this the definitive cathedral
- Under the high altar: the tomb of Mem de Sá, third governor-general of Brazil (d. 1573)
- 1985: Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia inscribed by UNESCO, criteria (iv)(vi)
History
Salvador was Brazil’s first capital, and its cathedral carries that primacy twice over. The see was the first diocese of Brazil, erected in 1551, and its archbishop is Primate of Brazil; but the building that holds the title today was not the original cathedral. It was the church of the Jesuit College, begun in 1657 and consecrated in 1672, the fourth church raised on the Terreiro de Jesus since the Jesuits landed with the first governor-general in 1549. Its stone came from Portugal — lioz limestone, carved in the Kingdom and shipped as ballast — and its facade still carries the Jesuit IHS monogram.
The Jesuits were expelled from Portugal’s empire in 1759, and their church was handed to the archbishopric in 1765, serving from then as the cathedral. The old Sé Primacial, the ancient seat of the first diocese, survived until 7 August 1933, when it was pulled down to widen a tram route — and the former Jesuit church became the sole and definitive cathedral. Along the way the college buildings held, among other things, Brazil’s first medical school, opened here in 1833.
What you see
A Mannerist facade of pale Portuguese lioz limestone, twin bell towers flush with the wall, a scrolled pediment and the IHS monogram in the tympanum — the mark of the Jesuit builders. Inside is a single wide nave under a barrel-vaulted, gilded wooden ceiling whose centre is a great radiant medallion bearing the same IHS. Thirteen altars line the church; the sacristy is sheathed to mid-height in painted Portuguese azulejos, beneath jacarandá cabinetry and polychrome-marble altars. Beneath the high altar lies Mem de Sá, the governor-general who pushed the earlier building forward before his death in 1573.
Practical information
- Opening hours: open to visitors most days outside services; check current times before visiting
- Admission: a small entry fee is charged (subject to change)
- Location: Largo Terreiro de Jesus, Pelourinho, Centro Histórico, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Status: active cathedral, seat of the Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia, Primate of Brazil
Getting there
The cathedral fronts the Terreiro de Jesus in the upper town (Cidade Alta), at the heart of the Pelourinho; the Elevador Lacerda and the Mercado Modelo lie downhill on the bayfront. GPS: 12.9726°S, 38.5105°W.
Nearby
- Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia — the UNESCO-listed Pelourinho, first capital of Brazil and a meeting point of European, African and Amerindian cultures
- Church and Convent of São Francisco — the gold-drenched Baroque church a short walk across the historic core
- Terreiro de Jesus and Largo do Pelourinho — the monumental squares around the cathedral
Sources
- IPHAN — Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (heritage listing)
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre — “Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia” (ref. 309)
- Prefeitura de Salvador — official municipal record for the Catedral Basílica
- GCatholic and Catholic-Hierarchy — basilica title and the see’s foundation dates
- Wikipedia (English and Portuguese) — “Cathedral Basilica of Salvador” / “Old Cathedral of Salvador”, used as a map and cross-checked
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