Varanasi is not itself UNESCO-inscribed, but it is the hub for India’s northern Buddhist circuit: Sarnath (site of the Buddha’s first sermon) is 10 km away, Bodh Gaya’s Mahabodhi Temple is 6 hours by bus, and Agra’s Taj Mahal and Khajuraho’s temples are within a day’s travel.

Bath is a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its Roman baths and Georgian architecture. Stonehenge and Avebury are 45 minutes east; Blenheim Palace is 90 minutes northeast; Ironbridge Gorge — birthplace of the industrial revolution — is two hours north. England’s UNESCO heritage circuit starts in Bath.

Dubrovnik’s intact medieval walls define one of the Adriatic’s finest UNESCO sites. The Bay of Kotor in Montenegro is an hour south, Split’s Diocletian Palace is 2.5 hours north, and Hvar’s ancient Greek agricultural landscape is accessible by ferry — a Dalmatian heritage coast of exceptional density.

Seville’s UNESCO inscription covers its Cathedral, Alcázar, and Archivo de Indias. The city is also the gateway to Córdoba’s Mosque-Cathedral, Granada’s Alhambra, and Doñana National Park — southern Spain’s four inscribed sites are all within three hours.

Florence is itself a UNESCO World Heritage Site, inscribed for the Renaissance art and architecture concentrated in its historic centre. Siena, San Gimignano, and the Val d’Orcia landscape are each inscribed and all within two hours of the city.

Monaco has no UNESCO World Heritage Sites, but the principality sits within 90 minutes of Arles and the Cinque Terre in opposite directions — and the Roman monuments of Orange, Pont du Gard, and Avignon’s Papal Palace are all within a two-hour drive westward through Provence.

Reykjavik’s nearest UNESCO site is Þingvellir National Park, 45 minutes east, where Iceland’s parliament first met in 930 CE and where two tectonic plates visibly diverge. Surtsey, the volcanic island born in 1963, is Iceland’s second UNESCO site, accessible in principle from the Westman Islands.

Brasília is itself a UNESCO World Heritage Site — inscribed in 1987 for Oscar Niemeyer’s modernist architecture and Lúcio Costa’s urban plan. Nearby sites include Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and the colonial town of Goiás, both within a day’s drive.