Banc d’Arguin National Park
A vast coastal wetland sanctuary on Mauritania’s Atlantic shore, Banc d’Arguin shelters over two million migratory waders and hosts the largest breeding colonies of waterbirds in West Africa.
At a glance
Banc d’Arguin National Park occupies the Bay of Arguin between Nouakchott and Nouadhibou, where the Tamanrasset River once emptied into the sea. This UNESCO World Heritage Site comprises shallow waters, sand banks, and islands that form one of the world’s most crucial stopover points for migratory birds. The park’s ecological value rivals its economic importance: the surrounding waters rank among western Africa’s richest fishing grounds.
History
The park was established in 1976 to protect both wildlife and the fisheries that sustain Mauritania’s economy. The designation reflected recognition of the site’s dual significance—its exceptional biodiversity and its role as a vital resource for coastal communities. Since its founding, Banc d’Arguin has become a benchmark for understanding migratory bird movements across continents.
What you see
The landscape consists primarily of mudflats, shallow lagoons, and sand banks. Key islands include Tidra, Niroumi, Nair, Kijji, and Arguim, most serving as breeding grounds for seabirds. The absence of significant human settlement preserves the park’s stark, open character. Waters shift between turquoise shallows and deeper channels, creating visual contrast across the vast bay.
Cultural significance
Banc d’Arguin represents a critical link in global bird migration networks. The park receives millions of waders fleeing winters in northern Europe, Siberia, and Greenland, making it irreplaceable for species conservation. Its breeding colonies—between 25,000 and 40,000 pairs of 15 species—demonstrate remarkable avian diversity. BirdLife International designated it an Important Bird Area in recognition of these exceptional populations.
Key facts
- Country: Mauritania
- Location: Bay of Arguin, between Nouakchott and Nouadhibou
- Established: 1976
- UNESCO World Heritage Site: yes
- Coordinates: 20.23°N, 16.10°W
- Population: over 2 million migratory waders; 25,000–40,000 breeding pairs (15 species)
- Designation: Important Bird Area (BirdLife International)
Practical information & getting there
Access to Banc d’Arguin requires planning; the park is remote and best visited by organized tour or boat from nearby coastal towns. The mild climate and isolation that protect wildlife also mean limited infrastructure. Visitors should arrange transport and accommodation in advance through local operators based in Nouakchott or Nouadhibou.
Sources & resources
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